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Understanding a deed of priority: how it protects lenders and borrowers

Written by
Tanisha
Published on
August 23, 2022

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A quick guide to 'deed of priority'

A deed of priority is a legal document that outlines the repayment order when a borrower owes money to multiple lenders. It helps avoid disputes by clearly stating who gets paid first if the borrower defaults. This agreement is crucial for businesses with multiple secured loans, ensuring clarity and reducing legal risks in case of insolvency.

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Understanding a deed of priority

A deed of priority is a key document for businesses dealing with multiple lenders. It sets the order in which lenders get repaid if the borrower defaults. This agreement helps prevent disputes and ensures that all parties are clear about their rights. Knowing how a deed of priority works can protect your business and secure your financing.

Why understanding a deed of priority is critical for secured lending

When a borrower takes a loan from more than one lender, a deed of priority becomes essential. It is a legal document that sets the order of repayment if the borrower cannot meet their obligations. This avoids conflict between lenders and helps each party know where they stand.In business finance, especially when dealing with secured lending, getting the order of priority right can protect your money, your business and your security. Without this agreement, lenders may fight over what they are owed. This can delay repayments, increase legal costs and even affect the borrower’s chance of staying afloat.

What a deed of priority is and why it matters in modern business finance

A deed of priority outlines which lender gets paid first if the borrower defaults. This type of contract is common in complex finance deals where more than one lender has a security interest in the borrower’s assets.In simple terms, this document ranks the rights of each lender. It decides who can enforce their rights first and how much each lender may recover.This is important because:

  • Secured lenders need clarity on when they can recover their money
  • Borrowers can attract more funding when lenders feel protected
  • All parties can reduce risk and avoid confusion during default events

A deed of priority may apply to:

  • First and second mortgage arrangements
  • Business loans supported by multiple investors
  • Property development with layered financing

These contracts often become critical when the debtor becomes insolvent. In such cases, creditors in order must follow the ranking set by the deed. For example, the first mortgage has priority, and the second lender will be entitled to payment only after the first lender is fully paid.

Examples from real estate, healthcare and SME lending

Let’s say Sarah, a real estate agent, wants to fund a new development. She secures a first mortgage from a bank and a second loan from a private lender. The deed of priority ensures the bank is paid first if Sarah defaults. This protects both lenders from loss and gives Sarah a better chance of getting approved for both loans.In healthcare, Michael the Physio may need debt and equity providers to expand his clinic. With proper deeds in place, he reduces the risk of disputes and protects his property from unnecessary claims.SMEs often rely on layered financing to grow. Without a deed of priority, they face legal risk and possible delays if they default on one or more loans.

How to simplify the process

Business Kitz helps Australian businesses create, sign and store legal documents like deeds of priority. Users can:

  • Use lawyer-reviewed templates
  • Digitally sign with legal backing
  • Securely store contracts with version tracking
  • Share and review documents in real time

This level of legal and professional assistance saves time and removes confusion. It also ensures that all parties understand their respective rights and obligations in every circumstance.Business Kitz makes it easier to qualify for funding, manage risk and meet your liability standards — all from a single platform.

A Black female lawyer, dressed in professional attire, types on her laptop while reviewing a "Deed of Priority" document at a minimalist desk. The modern office is well-lit with soft ambient lighting and touches of purple in the decor, reflecting focus and legal expertise.

What a deed of priority is and how it works in multi-lender scenarios

A deed of priority is a contract between lenders who have loaned money to the same borrower. It sets out the order of priority—who gets repaid first—if the borrower cannot meet their debt obligations. This prevents legal fights and gives each party clarity on their rights.In deals where more than one lender holds a security interest, a deed of priority helps avoid confusion. Each lender agrees on when and how they can enforce their rights. Without this, lenders may demand payment at the same time, causing delays and loss.

Explanation using plain language and real-world lending structures

Let’s say a business takes a loan from a bank and a second loan from a private investor. Both lenders want the borrower’s property as security. If the borrower defaults, who gets paid first? A deed of priority answers this. It puts the bank (first lender) first in line, and the private investor (second lender) second.This document outlines:

  • Each lender’s security and rank
  • Rights in the event of a default
  • Who can take legal action and when
  • How funds are split if assets are sold

The contract protects all lenders by setting expectations in advance. It can also make it easier for a borrower to raise funds.

Case study: Sarah RealEstatePro

Sarah runs a mid-sized real estate agency. She needs capital to finance a new project. A bank offers her a loan secured by a first mortgage. A second lender agrees to provide more funds but only if a deed of priority is in place.By signing the deed:

  • Both lenders agree on repayment terms
  • Sarah can access more capital without delay
  • If Sarah defaults, the bank (first mortgagee) is entitled to payment first
  • The second lender will be entitled to any remaining funds

This setup protects both lenders and allows Sarah to move forward with her deal.

Secured vs unsecured creditors in multi-lender deals

This table shows the main differences between secured and unsecured creditors when a deed of priority is in place:FeatureSecured CreditorUnsecured CreditorHolds security?YesNoCovered in deed of priority?YesNoPriority on defaultHigherLowerCan enforce rights quickly?YesOften delayedExampleBank with mortgageSupplier with unpaid invoiceA deed of priority aligns expectations and reduces risk. It gives secured lenders a clear legal right to act first. For borrowers, it makes raising funds simpler and faster.

How a deed of priority differs from a general loan agreement

Many businesses confuse a deed of priority with a standard loan agreement. Both are important legal documents, but they serve different roles. A loan agreement sets the terms between a single lender and a borrower. A deed of priority sets the rank between two or more lenders when a borrower owes debt to more than one party.If your business uses layered funding from more than one lender, you may need both. Knowing the difference helps avoid confusion, protects your security, and supports better lending outcomes.

Clear comparison: loan agreements vs. deeds of priority

A loan agreement focuses on the direct relationship between a lender and a borrower. It covers interest rates, repayment terms, guarantees, and conditions around the loaned money. It does not manage what happens if there are multiple lenders involved.A deed of priority, on the other hand, comes into play when several lenders secure their loans over the same property or assets. It clearly sets out which lender gets paid first if the debtor defaults or becomes insolvent. It also manages how lenders may enforce their rights.

Loan agreement vs deed of priority

FeatureLoan AgreementDeed of PriorityPurposeDefines loan terms between lender and borrowerRanks multiple lenders on security and paymentParties involvedOne lender and one borrowerTwo or more lenders and one borrowerAddresses default rightsOnly for that lenderBetween lenders in case of borrower defaultIncludes repayment scheduleYesNoDeals with security interestsSometimesYesNegotiated separatelyYesYesCommon in layered finance dealsNoYesIn simple terms, both contracts protect different rights. You should use them together when your business is raising funds from multiple sources. The deed will support your loan structure and reduce risk. It also ensures all creditors in order are treated fairly. Businesses that qualify for funding from both debt and equity providers often rely on this legal document for smooth transactions.

A young white female lawyer and a middle-aged Hispanic male lender have a focused discussion in a modern office. They review a "Deed of Priority" document, surrounded by minimalist decor with purple accents. The scene reflects professionalism, trust, and the legal process of securing debt.

Why involving a lawyer is critical when drafting a deed of priority

Writing a deed of priority is not a basic task. It needs clear legal thinking and strong knowledge of lender rights. A lawyer plays a key role in making sure all parts of the contract are valid and enforceable. Even one poorly written clause can lead to lost money, legal fights or delayed security claims.This is especially true when more than one lender has a claim on the same property or assets. If things go wrong and the debtor becomes insolvent, each lender needs to know where they stand. That’s where expert legal help makes a real difference.

Complexities that require legal review

Some parts of a deed of priority are hard to get right without professional support. Key issues include:

  • Vague language around enforcement rights
  • Unclear obligations between each party
  • Incorrectly ranked security rights
  • Failure to match terms with earlier loan contracts
  • Poor planning for what happens if a borrower defaults

A lawyer will check that the document aligns with local law, loan terms and any linked letters or funding offers.

Risks of using generic templates

Using generic templates for a deed of priority may seem quick and convenient, but it often creates serious risks. These templates can leave the order of priority unclear, which may lead to confusion between lenders about who gets paid first. They may also leave out important default circumstances, making it harder to enforce terms if the borrower fails to meet obligations.Lenders might agree to terms they do not fully understand, especially when the language is vague or inconsistent with their expectations. In many cases, the clauses do not match the actual debts owed, which can create disputes down the line. These issues are especially common in more complex lending situations, such as when a second mortgage is involved. In such cases, a lender may wrongly believe they are entitled to payment ahead of others, when in fact they are not. This kind of error can trigger delays, legal costs and loss of trust between parties.

A diverse team of professionals in a modern office, collaborating on a "Deed of Priority" document. The team includes a Black woman, an East Asian man, a South Asian woman, and a Caucasian man. They are seated around a table with laptops, focused on legal discussions, in a clean, minimalist office environment with purple accents.

How to reduce legal risk

Business Kitz provides lawyer-reviewed templates designed to comply with Australian standards. These templates explain complex terms in simple language, helping users understand what they are signing. They guide users to choose the correct rights and rank within the agreement, reducing confusion and risk. Each template can be signed and stored securely using digital tools, making the process fast and safe.The platform also makes it easier for all parties to collaborate and agree on terms without delay. This means you get expert support while avoiding the problems that come with generic, one-size-fits-all documents. If needed, your team can still work with legal advisors while using Business Kitz to manage and track documents in real time. Business Kitz' Sister company Legal Kitz is available for legal services to ensure your are being compliant. For a free consultation contact here.

Clauses to review before signing a deed of priority

Before you sign a deed of priority, it’s important to understand each part of the contract. Even a small oversight can cause confusion later if the borrower defaults or if the debtor becomes insolvent. Reviewing the document properly helps all parties know their rights, obligations and level of risk.

Understand key clauses in simple terms

A deed of priority sets out the order of priority between lenders. This means if a borrower defaults, creditors know who gets paid first. To do this clearly, the deed includes clauses that define each lender’s position, known as their rank, and how repayments will work under different conditions. These include:

  • Payment waterfall: This explains who gets paid first and in what order if there’s limited money from the borrower.
  • Enforcement standstill: A clause where a second lender agrees not to take enforcement action until the first lender has done so.
  • Subordination: This clause makes it clear that one party’s rights are ranked lower than another’s.
  • Amendment rights: Outlines who can change the contract and under what circumstance.

If these terms are unclear or missing, it could wrongly suggest a second lender will be entitled to payment before the first lender. This misleads parties about the security of their debt and can create liability when debts owed are not repaid in the expected order.

What to double-check before signing

Use this list to ensure the deed is accurate and complete:Item to reviewWhy it mattersNames and roles of each partyConfirms who is involved and who owes whatPriority clausesDefines the rank and rights of each lenderDefault and enforcement termsProtects lenders if the borrower fails to payDigital signing and storage methodsEnsures legal document traceability and securityTaking time to review the deed means your business can enforce rights properly and reduce the risk of disputes later. You’ll also qualify for stronger legal protections if the terms match your actual debt and equity arrangements.

The relationship between a deed of priority and an inter-creditor agreement

A deed of priority and an inter-creditor agreement both deal with the rights of lenders when more than one party provides funding. They often appear together but serve different roles. Knowing how they differ helps reduce confusion and ensures each lender’s rights are clear.

When each is used and how they differ

A deed of priority sets out the order of priority between lenders. It focuses on who gets paid first if the borrower defaults. This is often known as a simple ranking document and is used when two lenders both hold security over the same asset, such as a property. In many cases, the first mortgage has priority and the second lender will be entitled to repayment only after the first lender is paid in full.An inter-creditor agreement covers more than just repayment order. It outlines how lenders will deal with the borrower during the loan term. This includes rights to enforce, manage amendments and respond if the debtor becomes insolvent. It also includes obligations around how creditors in order will share information and cooperate.You may need both documents when several debt and equity providers are involved. For example, in a syndicated loan or a private lending deal where both a bank and mezzanine financier are funding a project. In this case, the inter-creditor agreement manages the broader relationship, while the deed of priority sets the repayment rank.

How to manage documents easily

Business Kitz allows users to store and manage both types of legal document in one place. You can:

  • Create lawyer-reviewed templates
  • Add digital signatures
  • Track changes and approvals across parties in real time

This helps parties agree faster, protect their respective rights and keep contracts secure. When used together, both documents assist lenders in managing risk and enforcing the correct order of priority when needed.

How to negotiate terms in a deed of priority effectively

A deed of priority is not just a legal formality. It’s a contract that can shape the future of a deal. Getting the terms right protects each party’s position if things go wrong. That’s why knowing when and how to negotiate matters.

When to start the negotiation process

The best time to negotiate is before any money changes hands. This allows lenders to reach an agreement early and avoids delays later. In most cases, you should settle the deed of priority:

  • Before the borrower receives funds
  • During refinancing or restructuring
  • When adding new lenders to an existing loan

Delaying these talks can lead to confusion or conflict, especially if the borrower defaults or the debtor becomes insolvent. Lenders should clarify terms while the deal is still being built.

Terms that often require negotiation

Some clauses attract more debate than others. These include:

  • Repayment rank – Who gets paid first and under what conditions
  • Enforcement rights – When one lender can enforce security without the other
  • Standstill periods – How long a second lender must wait before taking action
  • Amendment terms – How and when changes to the agreement can occur

Each lender will want to protect its rights and limit its risk. That’s why it’s common for legal advisors to get involved, especially when large sums or complex security are in play.

Risks of skipping the deed and how it protects lenders and businesses

A deed of priority is crucial in securing both lenders' and borrowers' interests. Skipping this step can lead to serious legal and financial risks. Without a clear priority agreement, lenders can face confusion about who gets paid first in case of default. This can lead to disputes and even costly litigation.

Legal and financial risks of not having a priority arrangement

When a borrower defaults or goes insolvent, the order of repayment becomes vital. Without a deed of priority, multiple lenders may claim they should be paid first. This can cause long delays and disputes. Lenders may end up in a legal battle, each trying to enforce their rights. If the debts owed exceed the available funds, not having a clear priority can lead to a loss for all parties involved. In some cases, courts may have to decide the order of priority, which may not favour all lenders equally. This unpredictability increases the financial risk for lenders.

Real examples of disputes between lenders

In some cases, lenders have found themselves fighting over repayments. For example, in the case of a second mortgage, the second lender may argue that they should be entitled to repayment once the first mortgage is cleared. Without a clear deed of priority, these kinds of disputes can escalate into costly court cases. A clear priority arrangement protects all parties by specifying who gets paid first and under what circumstances.

How digital signing and time-stamping reduce exposure

Digital signing and time-stamping help reduce the risks by providing a secure and traceable record of agreements. Using platforms like Business Kitz allows lenders and borrowers to sign documents electronically. This ensures that the signed documents are legally valid and stored securely. Timestamped agreements help reduce confusion and can be used as evidence in case of a dispute. With these features, all parties can feel confident that their rights are protected and the terms are clear and enforceable.

Understanding consideration and enforceability in a deed of priority

When drafting a deed of priority, it’s important to understand the concept of consideration and its role in making the agreement enforceable. Consideration is what makes the deed legally binding. Without it, the document may not be enforceable in court.

What “consideration” means in this context

In simple terms, consideration refers to something of value exchanged between parties. It is what makes the agreement more than just a promise. In the case of a deed of priority, consideration could be money, a commitment to repay, or even a promise to subordinate a debt. It must be clear that each party has given something in return for the other party’s promise. Without this exchange, the deed may not be seen as a valid contract.

Examples of valid consideration

Valid consideration can take many forms. For example, a lender might agree to provide funds in exchange for priority over another lender in case of default. Another example could be the borrower agreeing to subordinate an existing loan in favour of a new loan. Both parties must be clear on what is being exchanged and how it benefits them. This ensures the consideration is valid and that the agreement stands up legally.

Ensuring enforceability with digital execution

A deed of priority is not only valid with consideration, but it must also be executed correctly to be enforceable. Digital execution through platforms like Business Kitz offers a secure, legally recognised way to sign and store documents. By using digital signing and time-stamping, both parties can ensure that the agreement is executed properly, with a clear record of when it was signed. This reduces the risk of disputes over whether the document was executed properly and ensures the agreement is enforceable in court.

Frequently asked questions about deed of priority for lenders and borrowers

What is a deed of priority and how does it work?

A deed of priority is a legal document that sets the order of repayment when a borrower defaults on loans from multiple lenders. It clarifies which lender gets paid first, reducing confusion and disputes. This document is especially important in layered finance deals, where multiple lenders have security interests in the same assets.

Why is a deed of priority important for lenders?

Lenders need a deed of priority to protect their repayment rights. Without it, they could face delays or disputes if the borrower defaults. The deed ensures lenders know when and how they can enforce their rights, offering clear protection in case of insolvency.

What are the risks if I don't use a deed of priority?

Without a deed of priority, lenders risk confusion about who gets paid first. This can lead to legal fights, delays, and higher costs. It also increases the chance of losing money if the borrower defaults and assets are sold off.

How does a deed of priority help borrowers?

A deed of priority helps borrowers by simplifying the process of securing multiple loans. It provides clear terms that protect the borrower’s interests, helping them raise funds more easily. Lenders are more likely to lend when they understand their position in the repayment order.

What is practical law around a deed of priority?

Practical law for a deed of priority ensures that the document is legally binding and enforceable. It sets out the correct procedures and legal requirements for creating, signing, and executing the deed. This reduces the risk of invalidation and ensures clarity for all parties involved.

What is known as a deed of priority in layered lending?

A deed of priority in layered lending sets the repayment order for multiple lenders who hold security over the same assets. It defines the rank of each lender and ensures that, in the event of default, everyone understands when they can enforce their rights.

What should I be concerned about when drafting a deed of priority?

When drafting a deed of priority, it's important to ensure that all parties clearly understand their rights and obligations. One concern is ensuring the security ranking is correct and that all default and enforcement terms are clearly outlined. A poorly drafted deed could lead to confusion or disputes later.

Streamline your deed of priority process

A deed of priority is crucial for protecting lenders and businesses. It sets clear repayment orders, reduces disputes, and ensures transparency. With the right tools, creating and managing these agreements becomes easier and more secure.Business Kitz offers digital templates that simplify the process. Our e-signature feature ensures documents are signed quickly and legally. Plus, our platform supports compliance with Australian business law, making document management efficient and hassle-free.Create and manage your next deed of priority with Business Kitz.To be clear Business Kitz are not lawyers or a legal service and if you need legal advise you can contact our Sister company Legal Kitz for legal advice.

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