Understanding Severance Pay: The Difference Between Redundancy and Severance Payment

As an employee, being let go from your job can be a stressful and uncertain experience. However, in Australia, employees who are terminated due to reasons such as redundancy or restructuring may be entitled to receive severance pay. In this Business Kitz blog post, we'll explore what severance pay is, how it differs from redundancy pay, and what your entitlements are as an employee.

What is Severance Pay?

Severance pay is a type of payment that an employer may offer to an employee when their employment is terminated due to reasons such as redundancy, restructuring, or the closure of the business. Severance pay is intended to provide financial assistance to employees who have lost their job through no fault of their own and to help them transition into new employment.Severance pay is not a legal requirement in Australia, which means that whether or not an employee is entitled to receive it depends on the terms of their employment contract and/or any applicable enterprise agreement or award.

Eligibility Criteria for Severance Pay

Understanding whether you are eligible for severance pay is essential. The criteria include:

• Length of Service: Employees who have completed at least 12 months of continuous service with their employer may be eligible. This includes one or more positions held over a period of 12 months without a break in service of more than 3 calendar days.
• Type of Employment: Severance pay is generally authorised for full-time and part-time employees who are involuntarily separated. Casual or intermittent employees usually do not qualify.
• Qualifying Appointment: Employees must be serving under a qualifying appointment, such as a career or career-conditional appointment in the competitive service. Nonqualifying appointments, like Presidential or time-limited appointments, do not qualify.
• Reason for Separation: The termination must be due to involuntary separation for reasons other than inefficiency, such as unacceptable performance or conduct. Employees who decline a reasonable offer of assignment or are separated for cause are not eligible.
• Ineligibility Conditions: Employees are not eligible for severance pay if they are receiving injury compensation, are eligible for an immediate annuity from a Federal retirement system, or are reemployed by the Federal Government or the District of Columbia.
• Awards and Agreements: Some modern awards and enterprise agreements may have specific provisions regarding severance pay eligibility, outlining the terms and conditions under which severance pay is offered.

By incorporating these points, this section provides a comprehensive overview of the eligibility criteria for severance pay, aligning with common search queries and enhancing the article's informative value.

How is Severance Pay Calculated?

The amount of severance pay an employee is entitled to receive depends on several factors:

• Length of Service: Longer service generally results in higher severance pay. Many companies offer one to two weeks' pay for each year of service.
• Age: Some agreements consider the employee's age when calculating payments, especially in cases of early retirement or age-related adjustment factors.
• Earnings: Average earnings, including regular overtime and allowances, may affect the amount of severance pay.

Specific Examples

For instance, under some general practices:

• 1-2 years of service: 4 weeks' pay
• 2-3 years of service: 6 weeks' pay
• 3-4 years of service: 7 weeks' pay
• 4-5 years of service: 8 weeks' pay

This scale can continue up to a maximum, such as 16 weeks' pay for 9+ years of service, though actual policies can vary based on company policy or local laws.

Calculation Methods

Severance pay can be calculated using various methods:

• Weeks of pay per year of service: A common method where a fixed number of weeks' pay is multiplied by the employee's years of service.
• Multiple of base salary: This method considers a multiplier of the employee's base salary to determine the severance amount.
• Formula-based approaches: Some companies use complex formulas that factor in multiple variables, including salary, position level, and tenure.

Tax Considerations

Severance pay is generally taxable and subject to withholding. Employers must report it as wages and withhold the appropriate taxes, as determined by the IRS or other relevant tax authorities.

Tax Implications of Severance Pay

It's important to understand how severance pay is taxed in Australia:

Tax-Free Limit

In Australia, a part of the severance payment may be tax-free up to a certain limit, which is indexed annually. For the 2024-25 financial year, the tax-free limit includes a base amount of $12,524 and an additional amount of $6,264 for each year of service.

Employment Termination Payment (ETP)

Severance pay is often classified as an Employment Termination Payment (ETP). ETPs are subject to concessional tax rates up to a certain cap. Any amount above this cap is taxed at the individual's marginal tax rate. If you are below the preservation age, you pay tax at 30% (+ Medicare Levy) on any excess amount above the tax-free component, up to $210,000. If you are above the preservation age, you pay tax at 15% (+ Medicare Levy) on any excess amount above the tax-free component, up to $210,000. Any remaining amount above $210,000 is taxed at 45% (+ Medicare Levy).

Genuine Redundancy

To qualify as a genuine redundancy, the payment must meet specific criteria:

• The employer must have dismissed you because your job is no longer required.
• The dismissal must be genuinely caused by the position becoming redundant.
• You must be under the normal retirement age.
• The employer must not re-fill the redundant job with another person performing the exact same role.

Reporting Requirements

Employers are required to provide a payment summary outlining the tax withheld and the taxable components of the ETP. This summary is typically issued within 14 days of the final workday and includes details necessary for completing the tax return.

Other Payments

It is important to distinguish between severance payments and other types of payments received upon termination, such as:

• Lump sum payments for unused annual or long service leave, which are taxed differently.
• Payments in lieu of notice or severance pay, which may be included in the ETP.
• Payments made instead of superannuation benefits, which are not part of the redundancy payment.

Consult a Tax Professional

Given the complexity of tax laws, it is highly recommended to consult a tax professional or the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) to ensure compliance with tax rules and to maximise the benefits of the redundancy payment. This includes understanding which parts of the payment are tax-free, which are concessional taxed, and which are taxed at the normal marginal rate.

What is the difference between Redundancy Pay and Severance Pay?

Redundancy pay and severance pay are often used interchangeably, but there are some key differences between the two. Redundancy pay is a type of payment that an employee may be entitled to receive when their job is no longer required by their employer. Redundancy pay is a legal entitlement in Australia and is based on the employee's length of service, their age, and their earnings.In contrast, severance pay is not a legal entitlement and is generally offered by an employer as a goodwill gesture or in recognition of the employee's service to the company. Severance pay is typically paid in addition to any redundancy pay to which the employee is entitled.It's important to note that redundancy and severance pay are separate entitlements, and an employee may be entitled to receive one or both depending on their circumstances.

What are your entitlements as an Employee?

If you are being made redundant or your employment is being terminated for other reasons, it's important to understand your entitlements as an employee. Your entitlements will depend on a number of factors, including the terms of your employment contract, any applicable enterprise agreement or award, and the circumstances surrounding your termination.In general, if you are being made redundant, you may be entitled to receive redundancy pay, notice of termination, and any accrued entitlements such as annual leave and long service leave. If you are not being made redundant but your employment is being terminated for other reasons, you may be entitled to receive severance pay and notice of termination.If you believe that your employer has not provided you with your entitlements, you may be able to make a claim for unpaid entitlements through the Fair Work Commission or the courts, as detailed in the employee termination guide. Understanding employment legal templates can help you navigate this process more effectively.

Final Thoughts:

While being let go from a job can be a difficult and unsettling experience, it's important for both employees and employers to understand their rights and obligations regarding severance and redundancy pay. For employers, complying with these requirements not only fulfills legal obligations under the Fair Work Act 2009 but also fosters goodwill and protects the business from potential disputes. Utilising a comprehensive library of policies can help ensure compliance and best practices. Ensuring correct calculation and payment of redundancy pay, which can range from one week's pay for each year of service up to a maximum of 16 weeks, helps maintain positive relationships with former employees and reduces the risk of unfair dismissal claims.For employees, being informed ensures they receive the entitlements they're due, including redundancy pay, accrued leave, and other benefits. This understanding allows employees to plan their next steps accordingly and negotiate better severance packages if necessary.By emphasising the importance of understanding these legal obligations, both parties can navigate the redundancy process more effectively, ensuring fair treatment and compliance with Australian employment laws.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: Is severance pay mandatory in Australia?A: Severance pay is not mandatory unless stipulated in your employment contract, enterprise agreement, or award. However, redundancy pay is required under the National Employment Standards (NES) for eligible employees.Q: How does severance pay differ from redundancy pay?A: Redundancy pay is a legal entitlement when a position is genuinely made redundant. Severance pay is an additional payment that may be offered at the employer's discretion.Q: Can I receive both redundancy and severance pay?A: Yes, if your employer offers severance pay in addition to your legal redundancy entitlements.Q: Are severance payments taxed differently from regular income?A: Severance payments may receive concessional tax treatment. It's important to consult the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) or a tax professional for specific advice.