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A practical guide to franking dividends, franking credits and the benefits of franked income

Written by
Tanisha
Published on
November 10, 2023

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Understanding franking dividends can make a real difference to your tax outcome. Whether you run a business or invest in shares, knowing how these credits work helps you keep more of your money. Franking dividends pass on company tax already paid to you, reducing your own tax bill or giving you a refund.

A quick guide to franking dividends

Franking dividends are payments from a company to its shareholders that include a franking credit. This credit shows that the company has already paid tax on its profits. Shareholders can use these credits to lower their own tax or claim a refund. Franking dividends help reduce double taxation and improve tax outcomes.[ez-toc]

Two professionals reviewing franking dividend details on a laptop in a modern office artwork

What are franking dividends and why do they matter?

Franking dividends are a key feature of Australia’s tax system. They help avoid double taxation on company profits. If you're a business owner or investor, it's important to understand how they work. Franking dividends affect how much tax you pay on investment income and how much you get back at tax time.

Understanding franking dividends

A franking dividend is a dividend that comes with a franking credit. That franking credit shows the company has already paid tax on its profit before giving out the dividend. This credit helps reduce the tax the shareholder must pay on their dividend income.

For example, if a company earns profit and pays the corporate tax rate of 30, it can distribute franking credits to its shareholders when it pays dividends. The dividend carries a franking credit, which the shareholder can use to lower their income tax or get a refund.

This system is called dividend imputation. It means the tax paid by the company is passed on to the individual. The aim is to stop the same income being taxed twice – once at the company level and again at the individual level. This helps avoid double taxation.

Why business owners and investors should care

If you’re a business owner paying yourself through dividends, franking credits can help cut your personal tax bill. If you're an investor, they can boost your return. In some cases, you may even get a refund of franking credits if your marginal tax rate is low.

In this guide, you’ll learn:

  • How dividends and franking credits work
  • When a fully franked dividend is better than an unfranked dividend
  • How to use franking credits in your tax return
  • How to track franked income, distributions and the franking account

This knowledge helps you stay compliant with the Australian tax rules and make smarter financial choices.

How a dividend is taxed in Australia

If a business makes a profit, it can choose to keep it or pay some of it to its owners. When a business chooses to pay out profits to owners or investors, this payment is called a dividend. In Australia, dividends are taxed depending on whether the company has already paid tax on those profits.

There are two types of dividends: franked dividends and unfranked dividends. The difference depends on whether a franking credit is attached to the dividend.

Franked vs. unfranked dividends

A franked dividend includes a franking credit, which means the company has already paid tax on the profit. This reduces the amount of tax the investor needs to pay on the dividend income.

An unfranked dividend has no franking credit. The shareholder must pay the full income tax amount on the dividend they receive. The type of dividend you get affects your taxable income and how much tax you might owe or claim back on your tax return.

Here’s a simple look at how tax works at each level:

Type of DividendCompany Tax PaidFranking Credit AttachedShareholder TaxCan Claim RefundFranked DividendYesYesLess or noneYes, if eligibleUnfranked DividendNoNoFull tax owedNo

What is a franking credit and how does it work?

A franking credit is a tax credit linked to company profits. When a company pays tax on its profits, it can attach franking credits to any dividends paid to shareholders. This helps prevent double taxation, where both the company and the shareholder pay tax on the same income.

How franking credits link to company tax

When a company earns profit, it pays tax at the corporate tax rate, usually 30%. If the company then distributes a dividend, it can include a franking credit to show that tax has already been paid. The shareholder can then use the franking credits to reduce their income tax.

This system is called dividend imputation. It means the income tax has already been paid once, by the company. The franking credit acts as a tax offset for the person receiving the dividend.

A step-by-step example

Let’s say a company earns $1,000 in profit. It pays $300 in company tax, keeping $700. The company then decides to distribute this $700 as a fully franked dividend.

  • Profit before tax: $1,000
  • Tax paid by the company (30%): $300
  • Cash dividend distributed: $700
  • Franking credit attached: $300
  • Grossed-up dividend income: $1,000

The shareholder declares $1,000 as dividend income in their tax return, even though they only received $700. They also claim the $300 franking credit as a tax credit.

What a franking statement looks like

A franking statement shows:

  • The amount of the dividend
  • The amount of franking credits
  • The franking percentage (e.g. 100% for a fully franked dividend)
  • The franking account balance of the company

This document helps the Australian resident shareholder report everything correctly and, in some cases, get a refund of franking credits. It also ensures that the credits attached to the dividends match the amount of tax paid by the company.

What does a franked dividend include?

A franked dividend tells the shareholder that the company has already paid tax on part or all of the profit behind the payment. You can find this information in the dividend statement that comes from the Australian company issuing the dividend.

This statement helps both individuals and businesses know how much franking credit is included. It also shows how much tax you may need to pay or claim back in your tax return.

How to identify a franked dividend

When you receive a dividend, the attached statement will tell you:

  • The cash dividend amount you receive
  • The franking credit attached
  • Whether the dividend is fully franked, partly franked, or unfranked
  • The grossed-up value for tax purposes
  • The franking percentage

The statement must meet ATO rules. If you're a business owner, you must issue statements that include correct franking details when you distribute dividends to your shareholders.

Types of franked dividends and what they mean

Franked dividends come in different forms. Each has different tax outcomes:

  • Fully franked dividend
    • The dividend includes the maximum franking credit
    • The shareholder can claim the full tax credit
    • Ideal when the company tax rate is 30
  • Partially franked dividend
    • Only part of the dividend has franking credits attached
    • Used when the company has a lower franking account balance
    • The rest of the dividend is unfranked and taxed normally
  • Unfranked dividend
    • No franking credit is included
    • The shareholder pays full tax on the amount received

What your records should show

For every distribution, keep:

  • The dividend amount paid
  • Any associated franking credits
  • The form of franking credits used
  • Your franking account balance (for companies)

This makes your tax reporting easier. It also helps if you're audited by the ATO or need to check your taxable income later.

Three professionals comparing franked and unfranked dividends on a whiteboard artwork

Understanding the tax benefits of franking credits for individuals and businesses

Franking credits offer a major tax benefit to investors and business owners. They stop double taxation by giving credit for the tax already paid by the company. This reduces the amount of extra income tax the shareholder needs to pay on their dividend income.

How franking credits reduce tax

When a company earns profit, it pays tax at the corporate tax rate, often 30%. If the company distributes that profit as a dividend, it can include a franking credit. The shareholder then includes both the dividend and the franking credit in their tax return. They can use the credit to offset income tax or claim a refund if their marginal tax rate is below the company tax rate.

Without franking, the dividend is taxed again in full by the shareholder, creating double taxation. With franking, the tax system stays fairer.

Comparing outcomes with and without franking

ScenarioCash DividendFranking CreditTaxable AmountTax OutcomeWith franking credit$700$300$1,000Tax already paid; may get refundWithout franking credit$700$0$700Full income tax paid on entire $700

How the imputation system supports Australia’s tax integrity

Australia uses the dividend imputation system to stop the same profit from being taxed twice. This system links the tax a company pays with the dividends paid to shareholders. It keeps the tax system fair for both companies and individuals.

What is the imputation system?

The imputation system lets companies pass on the income tax they’ve already paid to their shareholders. This is done through franking credits. When a company issues a dividend, it can include a franking credit attached. This credit shows how much tax the company has already paid on that profit.

The shareholder then includes both the dividend and the franking credit in their tax return. They can use the credit to lower their own taxable income, claim a tax offset, or receive a refund if their marginal tax rate is below the corporate tax rate.

How the process works

Here is the typical flow under the imputation system:

Company earns profit âžť Company pays tax âžť Company pays dividend âžť Franking credit attached âžť Shareholder receives dividend âžť Shareholder claims credit in tax return

This timeline shows how tax paid at the company level flows through to the individual.

Why the system matters

The imputation system supports:

  • Fairness: It avoids double taxation of the same profit
  • Transparency: It shows clearly who paid what tax
  • Consistency: It links the amount of the dividend to the amount of tax paid
  • Trust: It gives Australian residents and businesses confidence in the system

Since Australia introduced this system, it has helped keep more profits in Australia and reduced unfair tax burdens on dividends received. For business owners and investors, this means clearer rules and more control over their investment income.

Can I get a refund from franking credits?

Yes, you can get a refund from franking credits if your total tax owed is less than the franking credits you received. This is common for Australian residents with lower income tax levels, such as retirees, part-time workers or investors using self-managed super funds (SMSFs).

Who can claim a franking credit refund?

You may be eligible if:

  • You are an individual with a marginal tax rate below the corporate tax rate
  • You are a retiree receiving dividend income through shares
  • You are part of a SMSF in pension phase
  • You receive excess franking credits that exceed your tax liability

This applies whether you earn other income or not. If your income tax rate is 0% or low, the franking credits may result in a refundable franking credit.

How to claim your franking credit refund

You can claim the franking credit refund in your annual tax return through the ATO.

Use these steps:

If you use tax software or an agent, they will guide you through the same process.

How to interpret a fully franked dividend on your statement

When you receive a fully franked dividend, your statement shows more than just the cash dividend. It also includes a franking credit that the company has already paid on your behalf. Knowing how to read this helps you report your dividend income correctly and get the full tax benefit.

What to look for on your dividend statement

A typical dividend statement from an Australian company includes:

  • Cash dividend paid
  • Franking credit attached
  • Franking percentage (100% if fully franked)
  • Grossed-up dividend amount (used to work out tax)
  • Record date and payment date

These details help you work out the total value of the dividend for tax purposes. You report both the cash dividend and the franking credit in your tax return.

Example of a fully franked dividend

Let’s say you receive a dividend of $700 from a company. It comes with a franking credit of $300, which means the company paid tax at a rate of 30 on the profit.

You will declare:

  • Cash dividend received: $700
  • Franking credit: $300
  • Grossed-up income: $1,000

This full amount ($1,000) is added to your taxable income. But you also get a tax offset of $300, thanks to the franking credit. If your marginal tax rate is below 30%, you may receive a refund of franking credits.

Reporting the right amount

When you complete your tax return, make sure you:

  • Include the grossed-up dividend under investment income
  • Claim the franking credit as a tax credit
  • Keep a copy of the dividend statement for ATO records

If you miss the franking credit or get the numbers wrong, you could overpay tax or lose out on a refund.

What partially franked dividends mean for your tax outcomes

Not all dividends come with full tax credits. A partially franked dividend means the company has paid some tax on the profits but not all. These dividends have some franking credits attached, but not enough to cover the full amount of the dividend.

Why companies issue partially franked dividends

A company might issue partially franked dividends when its franking account doesn’t have enough credits to fully frank the entire dividend. This could happen if:

  • The company made some profits that weren’t taxed in Australia
  • It paid less tax due to offsets or losses
  • It paid the corporate tax rate on only part of its income

The company may still want to reward investors, so it issues a partly franked payment instead of holding back a distribution.

Comparing different dividend types

Dividend TypeFranking Credit AttachedTaxable AmountShareholder Tax ImpactFully frankedFull credit (100%)Full gross-upLowers tax owed or gives refundPartially frankedPartial credit (e.g. 50%)Full gross-upSome tax offset, but may still owe taxUnfrankedNo credit (0%)No gross-upFull tax paid on the cash amount

A partially franked dividend adds more to your taxable income than an unfranked one because of the gross-up. But you also get some credit to reduce your income tax or claim a refund.

Advice for businesses

If your business pays dividends to shareholders, make sure:

  • You check your franking account before declaring a dividend
  • You correctly label franked, partly franked or unfranked dividends
  • You issue compliant distribution statements
  • You report the associated franking credits clearly

Managing dividend distribution records and statements effectively

Clear records and accurate statements are vital when issuing dividends to shareholders. Every time a company pays a distribution, it must provide a correct and complete dividend statement. This helps the shareholder understand how much dividend income they received and what franking credits are attached.

A proper statement also protects the business. It ensures ATO compliance and reduces errors at tax time.

What to include in a dividend or distribution statement

The ATO requires certain details on all dividend statements. Missing these could lead to penalties or incorrect reporting.

Your statement must include:

  • Amount of the dividend paid
  • Franking percentage (e.g. 100% if fully franked)
  • Amount of franking credits attached
  • Grossed-up dividend amount
  • Date paid
  • Company name and ABN
  • Franking account details (if needed for audit)
  • A statement that the dividend carries a franking credit
  • Type of dividend: fully franked, partially franked or unfranked

These details let the shareholder include the correct amounts in their tax return, apply any tax credit, and calculate whether they owe tax or are due a refund.

A man reviewing franking credits and dividend income on an ATO tax return screen artwork

How to lodge franking credits on your tax return

You must report franking credits when you lodge your tax return. Whether you’re a business owner, investor or retiree, the process is simple if your records are clear. You need to report both the dividend income and any franking credit attached. This ensures you receive the right tax offset or refund.

Where to report franking credits

You can report franking credits:

  • In your individual tax return under the investment income section
  • In your business tax return if your company or trust receives dividends
  • Using ATO online services through MyGov
  • Through accounting software linked to the ATO

Step-by-step guide to reporting franking credits

Follow these steps if you lodge through MyGov:

  1. Log in to your MyGov account
  2. Select ATO > Lodgements > Income tax
  3. Choose “Prepare” next to the current year
  4. Go to “Dividends” under income
  5. Enter:
    • Name of company
    • Date dividend was paid
    • Amount of dividend
    • Amount of franking credit
    • Whether it is fully franked, partly franked or unfranked
  6. Review your total grossed-up income
  7. Submit and keep your records

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Forgetting to include franking credits
  • Entering the wrong franking percentage
  • Not recording partially franked dividends correctly
  • Losing the original dividend statement
  • Failing to update the franking account for company returns

Keep copies of all dividends and franking credits. You may need them if the ATO asks for proof.

Faqs about franking dividends

What is dividend income, and how is it taxed?

Dividend income is money you receive when a company shares profits with you as a shareholder. The tax on the dividend depends on whether it includes franking credits. If the dividend is franked, the tax paid by the company is passed on to you as a credit. You must still report the whole amount of the dividend, including the franking credit, in your tax return.

What is dividend imputation and why does it matter?

Dividend imputation is a system that links the tax a company pays with the tax you owe as a shareholder. This stops the same profit being taxed twice. When a company pays dividends to their shareholders, it can attach franking credits. These credits reduce the personal tax owed or lead to a refund. Since introducing franking in Australia, investors have had fairer tax outcomes.

What happens if I receive more franking credits than I need?

If your franking credits are more than your tax owed, you may be able to get a refund. These are called excess imputation credits. They apply when your tax rate is below the company’s rate. The ATO refunds the difference, even if your other income is low.

Can I apply franking credits to all dividends?

No. Only franked dividends come with credits. Franking credits can be used only when the company has paid tax on its profits and passes that on through the dividend. The company decides whether to attach franking credits to dividends based on its tax situation and franking account balance.

Who benefits from franking credits?

Investors can receive franking credits whether they are individuals, trusts or super funds. People with lower income or those in retirement often benefit more. That’s because they can get a refund if they don’t owe much tax. Franking credits meant to reduce tax are useful to anyone receiving dividends. An imputation credit makes sure the tax paid by the company is not lost at the shareholder level.

Final thoughts and next steps for smart dividend management

Franking credits help business owners and investors cut tax and avoid double taxation. When managed well, they can lower your income tax or give you a refund.

To get the full benefit, you need to:

  • Record dividends and franking credits accurately
  • Understand and update your franking account
  • Issue compliant dividend distribution statements
  • Lodge your tax return with all credits included

Business Kitz simplifies this for you. The platform helps you:

  • Record and track franking credits with ATO-compliant tools
  • Automate franking account reports across financial years
  • Prepare accurate, professional distribution statements

Whether you’re paying or receiving dividends, Business Kitz saves you time and reduces errors.

Streamline dividend management and tax compliance with Business Kitz – try it today.

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